🎵OPAx317运算放大器🎵

🎼IN SHORT

The OPAX317 series of operational amplifier (operational amplifier) are precision, low-power, single-supply amplifiers commonly used in a variety of applications such as sensor signal conditioning, instrumentation, and audio processing.

🎶1.Precision and low noise: the OPAX317 operational amplifier offer high precision and low noise performance, making them suitable for applications that require accurate signal amplification and modulation. These operational amplifier have low offset voltages, low input bias currents, and high Common-mode rejection (CMRR) , providing excellent accuracy and stability in signal processing。

🎶2.Single-supply operation: the OPAX317 series is designed to operate at single-supply voltages, typically in the range of 2.7V to 36V. This feature makes them suitable for situations where battery-powered and portable dual power supplies are not available。

🎶3.Rail-to-rail output: these operational amplifier provide rail-to-rail input and output capabilities, allowing them to operate close to the supply voltage. This feature enables maximum dynamic range and output swing, allowing them to take full advantage of the full voltage range。

🎶4.Low Power: the OPAX317 series is optimized for low-power operation, making it suitable for power-constrained applications. With low static current and low power consumption, these operational amplifier are ideal for battery-powered and energy-efficient systems。

🎼APPLICATION

First Order voltage to current

0-5V to 0-20mA

 the current of RL:

💡74HC595:SHIFT REGISTER

🤔IN SHORT

⚡The 74HC595 is a popular integrated circuit (IC) that serves as a shift register with output latches. It is commonly used in electronic projects for expanding the number of available output pins of a microcontroller or driving multiple LEDs or other digital components.

🤔SHIFT REGISTER

⚡The 74HC595 is a shift register with output latches, and its function block can be divided into three main parts: the shift register, the storage register (latch), and the output drivers.

1. 💫Shift Register: The shift register section of the 74HC595 is responsible for receiving and storing data in a serial-in, parallel-out manner. The input data is shifted through the register one bit at a time upon receiving clock pulses. The data enters through the serial data input pin (SER) and moves through the shift register on each clock cycle. This allows multiple bits of data to be sequentially loaded and stored.
2. 💫Storage Register (Latch): The storage register, or latch, is the part of the 74HC595 that holds the data after it has been shifted through the shift register. The shift register's content can be transferred to the latch by activating the latch enable (SRCLK) pin. This ensures that the data remains stable and unchanged until the latch enable signal is received.
3. 💫Output Drivers: The output section of the 74HC595 consists of eight output pins (QA-QH), which correspond to the eight bits of data stored in the shift register and latch. These pins drive the connected external components, such as LEDs, based on the stored data. The outputs of the 74HC595 are usually connected to current-limiting resistors and then to the desired external components or devices.

• 🔥When the input OE is high, the output QA-QH is disabled regardless of other input states_。
• 🔥When the input OE is low, the output QA-QH is enabled regardless of other input states_。
• _{🔥When the input SRCLR is low, set the shift register to 0。}
• _{🔥When entering SRCLR at a high level, SER at a low level, SRCLK at a rising edge, the first level of the shift register gets lower, and the other levels store the previous level of data separately。}
• _{🔥When the input SRCLR is high, the SER input is high, the SRCLK input is a rising edge, the first level of the shift register is high, and the other levels store the previous level of data separately。}
• 🔥When the input RCLK has a rising edge, the shift register data is stored in a storage register, regardless of other input states。

🤔APPLICATION

⚡LED Driver

🔌note

• 💥Load current, each output should not exceed 35mA, total output 70mA
• 💥Output voltage, output should not be pulled over the VCC

🔌Output voltage and current

• 💥Resistance and LED composed of a series circuit, Ohm's law, resistance on the current IR：is 5.3mA。

💡REF33XX:Reference Voltage Source

⚡IN SHORT

🧲REf33xx is a precision reference voltage integrated circuit (IC) that provides a stable and accurate reference voltage for a variety of applications. It is a low differential pressure (LDO) design that operates with minimal power consumption and high accuracy。

• 🏮Reference Voltage: REf33xx produces a stable and accurate output reference voltage. It is available at different voltage options such as 1.2V, 1.8V, 2.5V, and others. The output voltage is very accurate and has low temperature coefficient and long-term stability。
• 🏮Low differential: REF33XX's LDO architecture allows it to operate at low differential voltages, typically around 110 mv or less. This means that it can regulate a stable output voltage, even when the input voltage is slightly below the desired output. This feature is useful when dealing with low-input voltage sources。
• 🏮Low static current: the REF33xx is designed to run with minimal power consumption. It has a low static current, usually in the microampere range, which helps minimize power consumption and maximize battery life for portable or low power applications。
• 🏮Wide operating temperature range: this reference voltage integrated circuit can operate in a wide temperature range, usually from -40 ° C to 125 ° C. This makes it suitable for a variety of industries, automobiles, and other challenging environments。
• 🏮High accuracy and stability: the REF33XX provides high accuracy and stability over time and temperature. It provides low initial accuracy tolerances and low temperature coefficients to ensure consistent and accurate output voltages under different operating conditions。
• 🏮Small package: the REF33xx has a variety of compact and space-saving package options, such as the SOT-23 and Sc-70, making it suitable for compact circuit design and surface mount applications用。

⚡REF33xx:reference voltage source

• 🏮Reference voltage core: the core of REf33xx is the reference voltage core, which is responsible for producing a stable and accurate output voltage. This core typically consists of a precision Bandgap voltage reference circuit that operates based on the temperature dependence of the semiconductor junction voltage. The reference voltage core ensures that the output voltage is consistent and accurate with changes in temperature and other operating conditions。
• 🏮Error amplifier: an error amplifier is a key component of the REF33xx that compares the output feedback voltage with the reference voltage generated by the reference voltage core. It detects any deviation between the two voltages and amplifies the error signal accordingly. The error amplifier helps maintain the required level of accuracy by providing feedback and control to adjust the output voltage.
• 🏮Feedback Loop: REF33XX's feedback loop consists of a variety of passive components, including resistors and capacitors for stabilizing and controlling the reference voltage output. These components are usually connected between the output of the error amplifier and the inverted input to create a feedback network. The values of these components are carefully selected to ensure stability, reduce noise, and provide accurate output voltage regulation。

⚡Application

🧲Bipolar single-ended supply to difference:G=0.1

🏮For U 3 precision OP amp：

• 💭Gustav Kirchhoff's law of electric current：
• 
• 💭virtual short：
• 💭KCL:
• 💭among：

 🏮 For differential output:

🏮 For R6, C5 low-pass filter: